"Understanding Piles: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment"

Understanding Piles: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Piles, also known as hemorrhoids, are swollen veins in the lower part of the rectum or anus. They are similar to varicose veins that can develop inside the rectum (internal piles) or outside the anus (external piles). Many people suffer from piles at some point in their lives, and although they can be uncomfortable, they are usually not dangerous.

Let’s understand what causes piles, what symptoms to look for, and how they can be treated.

Causes of Piles

There are several reasons why piles develop. The main cause is increased pressure in the lower rectum. This can happen due to:

1. Straining During Bowel Movements
   When a person pushes too hard while passing stool, it puts pressure on the veins in the anus. This can cause them to swell and form piles.
2. Chronic Constipation or Diarrhea
   Both long-term constipation and diarrhea can irritate the bowel and lead to piles.
3. Sitting for Long Periods
   Sitting for a long time, especially on the toilet, can increase pressure on the anal area and cause piles.
4. Pregnancy
   Pregnant women often develop piles due to increased pressure on the abdomen and hormonal changes.
5. Obesity
   Being overweight can put extra pressure on the veins in the rectum and anus.
6. Lack of Fiber in the Diet
   A low-fiber diet can cause constipation and hard stools, which increases the risk of developing piles.
7. Lifting Heavy Objects
   Regularly lifting heavy weights can also cause strain and lead to piles.

Symptoms of Piles

The symptoms of piles depend on the type—internal or external.

1. Internal Piles:

These are inside the rectum and are usually not visible. They may cause:

• Painless bleeding during bowel movements
• Bright red blood in the stool or on toilet paper
• A feeling of incomplete bowel emptying
• A lump that may come out of the anus during straining (prolapsed piles)

2. External Piles:

These are around the anus and can be seen or felt. They may cause:

• Pain and discomfort
• Swelling around the anus
• Itching or irritation
• Bleeding
• A hard lump near the anus

If a blood clot forms in external piles (called thrombosed piles), it can be very painful.

Diagnosis

If someone experiences the symptoms of piles, it's important to see a doctor. The doctor may:

• Ask about symptoms and medical history
• Do a physical examination of the anal area
• Use a small device (anoscope) to look inside the rectum
• In some cases, recommend further tests to rule out other conditions like colon cancer

Treatment of Piles

Treatment depends on how severe the piles are. Mild cases can often be managed at home, while severe cases may need medical procedures.

1. Home Remedies and Lifestyle Changes

• Eat a High-Fiber Diet:
  Include fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to soften stools and reduce straining.
• Drink Plenty of Water:
  Staying hydrated helps keep stools soft and easy to pass.
• Exercise Regularly:
  Physical activity helps prevent constipation and reduces pressure on veins.
• Avoid Straining During Bowel Movements:
  Go to the bathroom as soon as you feel the urge and try not to sit for too long.
• Use Warm Sitz Baths:
  Sitting in warm water for 10–15 minutes a few times a day can relieve pain and swelling.
• Apply Ice Packs:
  A cold pack can reduce swelling and numb pain for a short time.
• Use Over-the-Counter Creams or Ointments:
  These may help reduce itching and discomfort.

2. Medical Treatments

If home care doesn’t work, a doctor might suggest:

• Rubber Band Ligation:
  A small band is placed around the base of the pile to cut off blood supply. It falls off in a few days.
• Sclerotherapy:
  A chemical is injected to shrink the pile.
• Infrared or Laser Treatment:
  Heat is used to destroy the pile.
• Surgery (Hemorrhoidectomy):
  In severe cases, the piles may need to be removed by surgery.
• Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy:
  This is another surgical method that reduces blood flow to the piles and helps them shrink.

Prevention of Piles

Here are a few simple steps to prevent piles from occurring:

• Eat plenty of fiber every day
• Drink 6–8 glasses of water daily
• Don’t delay going to the toilet
• Avoid sitting on the toilet for long periods
• Stay physically active
• Maintain a healthy weight

Conclusion

Piles are a common condition that can cause discomfort and inconvenience. Fortunately, they can often be prevented and treated with simple lifestyle changes and medical help when needed. If you experience symptoms like bleeding, pain, or swelling near the anus, don’t hesitate to consult a doctor. Early treatment can prevent complications and help you feel better quickly.